FIRST IN THE WORLD

Field	Person
The First person to land on the moon	Neil A. Amstrong (U.S.A)
The First to launch search Satellite or "artificial moon"	U.S.S.R.
The first man to enter space	Late Maj. Yuri Gagarin (USSR)
The first woman cosmonaut in the world	Valentina Tereshkova
The first Woman Astronant pilot	Lt.Col.Eileen Marie Collin (US)
The first person to float in space	Alexei Leonav (Russia)
The first American astronaut (2nd in world) to floatin space	Edward White
The first Russian cosmonaut to make two space flights	Late Col. Vladimir Komarov
The first American astronaut to make two space flights	Gordon Cooper (U.S.A.)
The first manned space ship longest stay in space for 11 days	Apollo - 7 (U.S.A.)
The first manned spaceship to space flight round the moon	Apollo - 8 (U.S.A.)
The first space craft to leave solar system	Pioneer - II (U.S.A.)
The first country to launch a cosmic space rocket towards moon	U.S.S.R.
First crew transfer between orbiting space ships	Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 (U.S.S.R.)
The first man to stay long in space	Valery Ryumin
The first space shuttle	Columbia (U.S.A.)
The first woman to command a space shuttle mission (Columbia)	Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
The first tourist to space	Dennis Tito (U.S.A.)

FIRST IN INDIA - WOMEN

Field	Person
First Prime Minister	Mrs. Indira Gandhi
First Chief Minister of State	Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani
First Minister	Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
First Central Minister	Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
First Speaker of Lok Sabha	Mrs. Shanno Devi
First Governor of a State	Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
First President of Indian National Congress	Dr. Annie Besant
First Indian President of Indian National Congress	Mrs.. Sarojini Naidu
First President of UN General Assembly	Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
First Muslim to sit on the throne of Delhi	Razia Sultan
First to swim across the English Channel	Mrs. Arti Shah
First to climb Mount Everest	Bachhendri Pal
First to circumnavigate (sail round the world)	Ujwala Rai
First IAS Officer	Anna George Malhotra
First IPS Officer	Kiran Bedi
First Advocate	Cornelia Sorabji
First Judge of a High Court	Anna Chandi
First Judge of Supreme Court	Ms M. Fathima Beevi
First Chief Justice of a High Court	Ms. Leila Seth
First Doctor	Kadambini Ganguli
First editor of English newspaper	Dina Vakil
First Chief Engineer	Mrs. P.K. Thresia
First to receive a Sena Medal	Constable Bimla Devi (88 BN of CRPF) - 1990
Youngest to Climb Mount Everest	Dicky Doima (19) from Manali - 1993
First to climb Mount Everest two times	Santosh Yadav (ITBF Officer) - 1993
First Magistrate	Mrs. Omana Kunjamma
First to win Nobel Prize	Mother Theresa
First to be crowned Miss India	Reita Fariq
First to be crowned Miss Universe	Sushmita Sen
First to be crowned Miss World	Reita Faria
First DGP	Kanchan Chowdhry Bhattacharya

FIRST IN INDIA - MEN

Field	Person
First Indian to swim across the English Channel	Mihir Sen
First to Climb Mount Everest	Tenzing Norgay
First to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen	Phy Dorjee
First Indian to join I.C.S. (I.C.S. now IAS)	Satyendra Nath Tagore
First Indian to get Nobel Prize	Rabindra Nath Tagore
First Indian in Space (first Indian cosmonaut)	Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
First British Governor General	Warren Hastings
First Governor General of Free India	Lord Mountbatten
First and the last Governor General of free India	C. Rajagopalachari
First President of India	Dr. Rajendra Prasad
First Vice-President of India	Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
First Muslim President of India	Dr. Zakir Hussain
First Sikh President of India	Giani Zail Singh
First Prime Minister	Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
First Speaker of Lok Sabha	G.V. Mavlankar
First Chief Justice of India	Justice H.L. Kania
First President of Indian National Congress	W.C. Bannerjee
First Indian to become member of Viceroy's Executive Council	Lord S.P. Sinha
First Indian to become President of International Court of Justice	Dr. Nagendra Singh
First Emperor of Moghul Dynasty	Babar
First Field Marshal	S.H.F.J. Manekshaw
First Indian Commander-in-Chief of India	Gen. K.M. Cariappa
First Chief of the Army Staff (Indian)	Sinhji
First Chief of the Naval Staff (Indian)	Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
First Chief of the Air Force Staff (India)	Subroto Mukherjee
First Indian in British Parliament	Dada Bhai Nauroji
First Indian recipient of Victoria Cross (highest award before independence)	Khudada Khan
First Indian to circumnavigate the globe	Lt. Col K.S. Rao
First Indian to reach the South Pole	Col J.K. Bajaj (1989)
First Indian to make a solo air flight	JRD Tata
First Indian to visit England	Raja Rammohan Roy (1832)
First Indian Member of House of Lords (British)	Lord S.P. Sinha
First Bar-at-Law	J.M. Tagore
First Chairman of Rajya Sabha	Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (1952 - 62)
First Indian Test Cricketer	K.S. Ranjitsingh
First Air Marshall	Arjan Singh
First Judge to face impeachment in the Lock Sabha	Justice V.Ramaswami (1993)
Fastest Shorthand writer	Dr. G.D. Bhist (250 wpm)

Mineral Resources in India

Mineral Belt	Location	Minerals found
North Eastern Peninsular Belt	Chota Nagpur plateau and the Orissa plateau covering the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa.	Coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, copper, kyanite, chromite, beryl, apatite etc. Khullar calls this region the mineral heartland of India and further cites studies to state that: 'this region possesses India's 100 percent Kyanite, 93 percent iron ore, 84 percent coal, 70 percent chromite, 70 percent mica, 50 percent fire clay, 45 percent asbestos, 45 percent china clay, 20 percent limestone and 10 percent manganese.'
Central Belt	Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.	Manganese, bauxite, uranium, limestone, marble, coal, gems, mica, graphite etc. exist in large quantities and the net extent of the minerals of the region is yet to be assessed. This is the second largest belt of minerals in the country.
Southern Belt	Karnataka plateau and Tamil Nadu.	Ferrous minerals and bauxite. Low diversity.
South Western Belt	Karnataka and Goa.	Iron ore, garnet and clay.
North Western Belt	Rajasthan and Gujarat along the Aravali Range.	Non-ferrous minerals, uranium, mica, beryllium, aquamarine, petroleum, gypsum and emerald.

INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

Cotton Textiles
Mumbai, Sholapur, Nagpur, Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Indore; Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore, Kanpur and Kolkata.

Jute Textiles
West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, U.P. and M.P.

Silk Textiles
Asom, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Orissa, U.P., M.P., W. Bengal, Bihar, Maharashtra and Punjab.

Woolen Textile
The chief centres of woollen textiles are Punjab, U.P., Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal.

Sugar Industry
U.P., Bihar and some centres are there in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Punjab.

Cement Industry
Jharkhand, M.P., Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Haryana, U.P. and Orissa have some factories also.

Paper Industry
West Bengal, Maharashtra, U.P., Bihar, Orissa, Punjab, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.

Iron and Steel Industry
Jamshedpur, Bokaro (Jharkhand), Bhilai (Chattisgarh), Durgapur, Hirapur, Kulti, Burnpur (West Bengal), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhadrawati (Karnataka), Rourkela (Orissa) and Neyveli (Tamil Nadu).

Leather Industry
Chennai, Agra, Kolkata, Delhi, Kanpur, Mumbai, Deonaar, Deevaghat.

Aluminium
Alwaye (Kerala), Muri (Jharkhand), Hirakud (Orissa), Renukoot (U.P.), Bailur (W. Bengal), Koyna Mettur (Tamilnadu) and Hirakud (Orissa).


Matches
Bareilly, Kolkata, Chennai, Gwalior and Hyderabad.

Photo Film Industry
Ootacamund (Tamil Nadu).

Glass
Ferozabad, Shikohabad, Bahjoi, Naini, Haorah, Bangalore and Belgaon.

Chemical Industry
Delhi, Pimpri, Pune, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Rishikesh, Bangalore and Amritsar.

Rubber-Goods Industry
Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Ballabhgarh, Shahaganj, Chamanacheri and Ambatoor.

Locomotive Industry
Chittaranjan (West Bengal), Varanasi in U.P., Perambur (Tamil Nadu).

Automobile Industry
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Jamshedpur, Pune and Gurgaon.

Antibiotic Industry
Rishikesh, Pimpri and Delhi.

Aircraft Manufacturing Industry
Bangalore, Kanpur, Nasik, Koraput and Hyderabad.

Fertilizers Industry
Durgapur, Kanpur, Foolpur (Uttar Pradesh), Haldia, Namrup, Rourkela, Vadodara, Barauni, Vishakhapatnam, Gorakhpur, etc.

Plastic Industry
Mumbai, Kolkata, Amritsar, Kanpur, Hyderabad and Coimbatore.

Petro-Chemical Industry
Vadodara and Mumbai, Bongaigoan, Assam

River System in India

River System In India

Rivers flowing into Bay of Bengal	Rivers flowing into Arabian Sea	Rivers flowing into inner part of India
Meghna River Basin Brahmaputra River Basin Ganges River Basin West Bengal Coastal Rivers Mahanadi River Basin Godavari River Basin Andhra Pradesh Coastal Rivers Penner River Basin Kaveri River Basin Tamil Nadu Coastal Rivers	Karnataka Coastal Rivers Kerala Coastal Rivers Coastal rivers of Goa Maharashtra Coastal Rivers Tapi River Basin Narmada River Basin Mahi River Basin Sabarmati River Basin Indus River Basin	Ghaggar River in Haryana, Rajasthan Musi River at Hyderabad, India Samir River, India/ Gujarat

River	Origin	Drainage sq km Length	Remarks
Indus	Tibet, near Manasarovar.	3,21,290 709 in India	Jhelum,Cenab, Ravi, Beas & satlej are well known tributaries
Jhelum	Verinag at the Pir Panja	28,490	It flows through Kashmir valley and Wular lake
Chenab	Himachal mountains near Kulu	26,755 1180 km	It is the largest of Indus tributaries Chandra and Bhaga are 2 head streams.
Ravi	Rohtang pass	5,937 725 km
Beas	Beas Kund near Rohtang	25,900 470 km	It joins satluj near Harike
Satluj	Rakas lake	24,087 1050 km	Bakra dam and Gobind sagar lake on it.
Ganga	Gangotri	8,61,404 2525 km	Main head streams Bhagiradhi and Alakananda meet at Allahabad It is known as padma in Bangladesh
Yamuna	Yamnotri	3,59,000 1376 km	It meets Ganga at Allahabad. Delhi, Mathura and Agra are situated on its banks. Chambal, betwa & ken are important tributaries
Damodar	Chotanagpur Plateau	22,000 541 km	Formerly known as Sorrow of Bengal.
Brahmaputra	100 km South east of Manasarovar	2,40,000 2900 km	Before entering in India it is known as Tsang-po. It crosses Assam Himalayas as Dihang. Frequent floods occur.
Mahanadi	Sihawa range	857 km	The largest dam Hirkud is built across this river
Godavari	Nasik	312812 1465 km	It is the 2nd largest River system in India & Known as Dhakshina Ganga
Krishna	Mahabaleswar	258,948 1400 km	2nd largest east flowing river. Important tributaries Bhima, Tungabadra, Koyana , Khataprabha
Cauvery	Brahmagir range	87900 800 km	Cauvery basin is the most developed in terms of power and irrigation.
Narmada	Amarkantak,MP	98,796 1300 km	It is the longest west flowing river
Tapti	Betul, MP	65145 724 km	It is the 2nd largest west flowing river

The rivers of India play an important role in the lives of the Indian people. The river systems provide irrigation, potable water, cheap transportation, electricity, and the livelihoods for a large number of people all over the country. This easily explains why nearly all the major cities of India are located by the banks of rivers. The rivers also have an important role in Hindu mythology and are considered holy by all Hindus in the country. Seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India. Most of the rivers pour their waters into the Bay of Bengal; however, some of the rivers whose courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of Himachal Pradesh empty into the Arabian Sea. Parts of Ladakh, northern parts of the Aravalli range and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage. All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds:

» The Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges

» Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India

» Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India

Indus River System

The Indus River originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet. Although most of the river's course runs through neighboring Pakistan, a portion of it does run through Indian territory, as do parts of the courses of its five major tributaries, listed below. These tributaries are the source of the name of the Punjab region of South Asia; the name is derived from the Persian words Punj ("five") and aab ("water"), hence the combination of the words (Punjab) means "five waters" or "land of five waters".

Beas

The Beas originates in Beas Kund, lying near the Rohtang pass. It runs past Manali and Kulu, where its beautiful valley is known as the Kulu valley. It joins the Sutlej river near Harika, after being joined by a few tributaries. The total length of the river is 615 .

Chenab

The Chenab originates from the confluence of two rivers, the Chandra and the Bhaga, It is also known as the Chandrabhaga in Himachal Pradesh. It runs parallel to the Pir It enters the plains of Punjab near Akhnur and is later joined by the Jhelum. It is further joined by the Ravi and the Sutlej in Pakistan.

Jhelum

The Jhelum originates in the south-eastern part of Kashmir, in a spring at Verinag.

Ravi

The Ravi originates near the Rotang pass in the Himalayas and follows a north-westerly course. It turns to the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhaola Dhar range entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur. It flows as a part of the Indo-Pakistan border for some distance before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab river.

Sutlej

The Sutlej originates from the Rakas Lake, which is connected to the Manasarovar lake by a stream, in Tibet. It enters Pakistan near Sulemanki, and is later joined by the Chenab. It has a total length of almost 1500 km.

The Brahmaputra River System

The Brahmaputra originates in the Mansarovar lake, also the source of the Indus and the Satluj. It is slightly longer than the Indus, but most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastward, parallel to the Himalayas. Reaching Namcha Barwa (2900m), it takes a U-turn around it and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh and known as dihang. The undercutting done by this river is of the order of 5500 metres. In India, it flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and is joined by several tributaries. Every year during the rainy season, the river overflows its banks, causing widespread devastation like floods in Assam and in Bangladesh.Unlike other north Indian rivers the Brahmaputra is marked by huge deposits of silt on its bed causing it to rise. The river also shifts its channel frequently. 

The Narmada River System

The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India.It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India, and is a total of 1,289 km (801 mi) long. Of the major rivers of peninsular India, only the Narmada, the Tapti and the Mahi run from east to west. Its total length through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat amounts to 1,312 kilometres (815 mi), and it empties into the Arabian Sea in the Bharuch district of Gujarat. It also forms the 'Dhuadhar Falls'where the river plunges over steep rocks. 

The Tapti River System

The Taapti is a river of central India. It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India with the length of around 724 km, It rises in the eastern Satpura Range of southern Madhya Pradesh state, before emptying into the Gulf of Cambay of the Arabian Sea, in the State of Gujarat. The Western Ghats or Sahyadri range starts south of the Tapti River near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The principal tributaries of Tapi River are Purna River, Girna River, Panzara River, Waghur River, Bori River and Aner River. car is the rivers food. 

The Godavari River System

The river with second longest course within India, Godavari is often referred to as the Vriddh (Old) Ganga or the Dakshin (South) Ganga. The river is about 1,450 km (900 mi) long. It rises at Trimbakeshwar, near Nasik and Mumbai (formerly Bombay) in Maharashtra around 380 km distance from the Arabian Sea, and empties into the Bay of Bengal. At Rajahmundry, 80 km from the coast, the river splits into two streams(Vasista which flows to Narsapur & Gautami which flows to other side pasarlapudi) thus forming a very fertile delta. Like any other major rivers in India, the banks of this river also has many pilgrimage sites, Nasik, Triyambak and Bhadrachalam, being the major ones. It is a seasonal river, widened during the monsoons and dried during the summers. Godavari river water is brownish. Some of its tributaries include Indravati River, Pranahita (Combination of Penuganga and Warda), Manjira, Bindusara and Sabari kinnerasani. Some important urban centers on its banks include Nasik, Bhadrachalam, Rajahmundry and Narsapur. The Asia's largest rail-come-road bridge on the river Godavari linking Kovvur and Rajahmundry is considered to be an engineering feat. 

The Krishna River System

The Krishna is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). It originates at Mahabaleswar in Maharashtra and meets the sea in the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The traditional source of the river is a spout from the mouth of a statue of a cow in the ancient temple of Mahadev in Mahabaleshwar. Its most important tributary is the Tungabhadra River, which itself is formed by the Tunga and Bhadra rivers that originate in the Western Ghats. Other tributaries include the Koyna, Bhima, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Yerla, Warna, Dindi, Musi and Dudhganga rivers. In 2009 River Krishna has seen the worst hit floods in 100 years 

The Kaveri River System

The Kaveri is one of the great rivers of India and is considered sacred by the Hindus. This river is also called Dakshin Ganga. The headwaters are in the Western Ghats range of Karnataka state, and from Karnataka through Tamil Nadu. It empties into the Bay of Bengal. The source of the river is Talakaveri(Kodagu District) located in the Western Ghats about 5,000 feet (1,500 m) above sea level. it has many tributaries including Shimsha, Hemavati River, Arkavathy, Kapila, Honnuhole, Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Lokapavani, Bhavani, Noyyal and Famous Amaravati.the dam constructed for the river is KRS(Krishna Raja Sagara) by the Highness of Mysore through the well known engineer Bharata Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, which is located in Mandya district and this river is serving as water of life for South Indians.

The Mahanadi River System

The Mahanadi River Delta in India is a basin of deposit that drains a large land mass of the Indian subcontinent into the Bay of Bengal. The alluvial valley is wide and relatively flat with a meandering river channel that changes its course. The Mahanadi River flows slowly for 560 miles (900 km) and has an estimated drainage area of 51,000 square miles (132,100 square km). It deposits more silt than almost any other river in the Indian subcontinent.