Miss World (1951-2010)
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Miss Universe (1952-2011)
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FREE EXAM MATERIAL FOR BANK PO EXAMS, CLERICAL EXAMS, SSC EXAMS AND ALL OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS IN INDIA
MISS WORLD AND MISS UNIVERSE
Posted by
Rocky Raina
<> PARAM VIR CHAKRA WINNERS
INDIAN Heroes:
1. IC-- 521 Major Som Nath Sharma, 4 Kumaon Regiment, November 3, 1947, Badgam Kashmir (posthumous)
2. IC-22356 Lance Naik Karham Singh M M, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 13, 1948, Tithwal Kashmir
3. SS-14246 Second Lt Rama Raghobe Rane, Corps of Engineers, April 8, 1948, Naushera, Kashmir
4. 27373 Naik Jadu Nath Singh, 1 Rajput Regiment, February 1948, Naushera, Kashmir (posthumous)
5. 2831592 Company Havildar Major Piru Singh, 6 Rajputana Rifles, July 17/18, 1948, Tithwal, Kashmir (posthumous)
6. IC-8497 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, 3/1 Gurkha Rifles, December 5, 1961, Elizabethville, Katanga, Congo (posthumous)
7. IC-7990 Major Dhan Singh Thapa, 1/8 Gurkha Rifles, October 20, 1962, Ladakh, India
8. JC-4547 Subedar Joginder Singh, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 23, 1962, Tongpen La, Northeast Frontier Agency, India (posthumous)
9. Major Shaitan Singh, Kumaon Regiment, November 18, 1962, Rezang La (posthumous)
10. 2639885 Company Havildar Major Abdul Hamid, 4 Grenadiers, September 10, 1965, Chima, Khem Karan Sector (posthumous)
11. IC-5565 Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore, 17 Poona Horse, October 15, 1965, Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakistan (posthumous)
12. 4239746 Lance Naik Albert Ekka, 14 Guards, December 3, 1971, Gangasagar (posthumous)
13. 10877 (P) Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, Indian Air Force, December 14, 1971, Srinagar, Kashmir (posthumous)
14. IC-25067 2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal, 17 Poona Horse, December 16, 1971, Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector, (posthumous)
15. IC-14608 Major Hoshiar Singh, Grenadiers, December 17, 1971, Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector
16. Naib Subedar Bana Singh, 8 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, June 23, 1987, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir
17. Major Ramaswamy Parmeshwaran, 8 Mahar Regiment, November 25, 1987, Sri Lanka (posthumous)
18. IC-57556 Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 6, 1999.
19. IC-56959 Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey, 1/11 Gorkha Rifles, July 3, 1999, Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil area, Jammu and Kashmir (posthumous).
20. No 2690572 Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18 Grenadiers, July 4, 1999, Tiger Hill, Kargil area
21. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 5, 1999
Posted by
Rocky Raina
<> Complete list of Bharat Ratna Awardees
Bharat Ratna awardees so far:
- Late Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi in 2008 : Karnataka
- Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar in 2001 : Maharashtra
- Late Ustad Bismillah Khan in 2001 for contribution in the field of Arts : Uttar Pradesh
- Prof. Amartya Sen in1999 for Literature & Education : United Kingdom
- Lokpriya Gopinath (posth.) Bordoloi in1999, for Public Affairs : Assam
- Loknayak Jayprakash (Posth.) Narayan in 1999 for Public Affairs: Bihar
- Pandit Ravi Shankar in 1999 for his contribution in the field of Arts : United States
- Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam in 1998 for Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
- Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi in 1998 for her contribution in the field of Arts : Tamil Nadu
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam in 1997 for his contribution in the field of Science and Engineering : Delhi
- Smt. Aruna Asaf (Posth.) Ali in 1997 for her contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Delhi
- Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda in 1997 for his contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Gujarat
- Shri JRD Tata in 1992 for his contribution in the field of Trade & Industry : Maharashtra
- Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 1992 for his contribution in Public Affairs : West Bengal
- Shri Satyajit Ray in 1992 for his contribution in the field of Arts : West Bengal
- Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Gujarat
- Shri Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Delhi
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Gujarat
- Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr in 1990 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Maharashtra
- Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela in 1990 for his contribution in Public Affairs : South Africa
- Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran in 1988 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Pakistan
- Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1983 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
- Mother Teresa in 1980 for contribution in the field of Social Work : West Bengal
- Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj in 1976 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
- Shri V.V. Giri in 1975 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Orissa
- Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1971 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
- Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
- Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane in 1963 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
- Dr. Zakir Hussain in 1963 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Andhra Pradesh
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad in 1962 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Bihar
- Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy in 1961 for contribution in the Field of Public Affairs: West Bengal
- Shri Purushottam Tandon in 1961 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
- Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve in 1958 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
- Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant in 1957 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
- Dr. Bhagwan Das in 1955 for contribution in Literature & Education : Uttar Pradesh
- Shri Jawaharlal Nehru in 1955 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
- Dr. M. Vishweshwariah in 1955 for contribution in the field of Civil Service : Karnataka
- Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1954 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
- Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman in 1954 in Science & Engineering: Tamil Nadu
- Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan in 1954 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
Posted by
Rocky Raina
<> Oscar Awards 2011
83rd Annual Academy Award Winners announced Sunday 27 February, 2011:
1. Best Picture: "The King's Speech."
2. Actor: Colin Firth, "The King's Speech."
3. Actress: Natalie Portman, "Black Swan."
4. Supporting Actor: Christian Bale, "The Fighter."
5. Supporting Actress: Melissa Leo, "The Fighter."
6. Directing: Tom Hooper, "The King's Speech."
7. Foreign Language Film: "In a Better World," Denmark.
8. Adapted Screenplay: Aaron Sorkin, "The Social Network."
9. Original Screenplay: David Seidler, "The King's Speech."
10. Animated Feature Film: "Toy Story 3."
11. Art Direction: "Alice in Wonderland."
12. Cinematography: "Inception."
13. Sound Mixing: "Inception."
14. Sound Editing: "Inception."
15. Original Score: "The Social Network," Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross.
16. Original Song: "We Belong Together" from "Toy Story 3," Randy Newman.
17. Costume Design: "Alice in Wonderland."
18. Documentary Feature: "Inside Job."
19. Documentary (short subject): "Strangers No More."
20. Film Editing: "The Social Network."
21. Makeup: "The Wolfman."
22. Animated Short Film: "The Lost Thing."
23. Live Action Short Film: "God of Love."
24. Visual Effects: "Inception."
1. Best Picture: "The King's Speech."
2. Actor: Colin Firth, "The King's Speech."
3. Actress: Natalie Portman, "Black Swan."
4. Supporting Actor: Christian Bale, "The Fighter."
5. Supporting Actress: Melissa Leo, "The Fighter."
6. Directing: Tom Hooper, "The King's Speech."
7. Foreign Language Film: "In a Better World," Denmark.
8. Adapted Screenplay: Aaron Sorkin, "The Social Network."
9. Original Screenplay: David Seidler, "The King's Speech."
10. Animated Feature Film: "Toy Story 3."
11. Art Direction: "Alice in Wonderland."
12. Cinematography: "Inception."
13. Sound Mixing: "Inception."
14. Sound Editing: "Inception."
15. Original Score: "The Social Network," Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross.
16. Original Song: "We Belong Together" from "Toy Story 3," Randy Newman.
17. Costume Design: "Alice in Wonderland."
18. Documentary Feature: "Inside Job."
19. Documentary (short subject): "Strangers No More."
20. Film Editing: "The Social Network."
21. Makeup: "The Wolfman."
22. Animated Short Film: "The Lost Thing."
23. Live Action Short Film: "God of Love."
24. Visual Effects: "Inception."
Posted by
Rocky Raina
CLASSICAL DANCE FORMS OF INDIA
Classical Dances of India
India has thousands of year old tradition of fine arts and classical and folk music and dances. Some of the world-famous dance forms that originated and evolved in India are Bharatnatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam and Odissi. All these dance forms use basically the same 'mudras' or signs of hand as a common language of expression and were originally performed in the temples to entertain various Gods and Goddesses. They were also effective in carrying forward the various mythological stories from generation to generation while entertaining the audiences. It eventually became a part of 'Natya Shashtra', as propounded by Sage Bharata to compile and forge some rules and regulations of entertaining arts.
With time, the classical dances evolved to include the expressions and themes from social life and experiences. Lord Shiva is said to be the 'Nataraja' meaning 'King of All Dances', who is said to perform the Cosmic Dance that delicately balances life and death and all that is happening in the Universe in harmonious cycles. Bharatnatyam, popular in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, is said to be revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata. Kathak is the art to tell a story and is a form of North Indian classical dance. Later, it became courtly entertainment.
Kathakali from Kerala makes use of colorful masks and costumes and belongs to Kerala. Kuchipudi is the dance drama of Andhra Pradesh that combines Natya, Nritta and Nritya. Manipuri, as the name suggests, is from Manipur, the Northeastern state of India, and is a combination of many dances prevalent in the region. Mohiniattam from Kerala is a solo female dance and is known for its rhythmic and unbroken flow of the body movements. Odissi from Orissa is a dance of love, joy and intense passion.
Bharatnatyam
Bharatnatyam is one of the most popular classical Indian dances. Bharatnatyam is more popular in South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Bharatnatyam dance is almost 2,000 years old. It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who then codified this sacred dance in a Sanskrit text called the Natya Shastra. The Natya Shastra is one of the fundamental treatises on Indian drama and aesthetics.
Kathak
Kathak is one of the most important classical dances of India. Kathak is said to be derived from the word katha, meaning "the art of storytelling." The Kathak dance form originated in north India and was very similar to the Bharatnatyam dance form. In ancient India, there were Kathakars or bards who used to recite religious and mythological tales to the accompaniment music, mime and dance.
Kathakali
Kathakali is the classical dance form of Kerala. The word Kathakali literally means "Story-Play". Kathakali is known for its heavy, elaborate makeup and costumes. In fact, the colorful and fascinating costumes of Kathakali have become the most recognized icon of Kerala. Kathakali is considered as one of the most magnificent theatres of imagination and creativity. Kathakali dance presents themes derived from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and other Hindu epics, mythologies and legends.
Kuchipudi
Kuchipudi is one of the classical dance forms of the South India. Kuchipudi derives its name from the Kuchipudi village of Andhra Pradesh. In the seventeenth century the Kuchipudi village was presented to the Brahmins, who were experts in staging dance and drama. Kuchipudi exhibits scenes from the Hindu Epics, legends and mythological tales through a combination of music, dance and acting. Like other classical dances, Kuchipudi also comprises pure dance, mime and histrionics but it is the use of speech that distinguishes Kuchipudi's presentation as dance drama.
Manipuri
Manipuri is one of the six major classical dances of India. Manipuri dance is indigenous to Manipur, the North eastern state of India. The Manipuri dance style is inextricably woven into the life pattern of Manipuri people. The most striking part of Manipur dance is its colorful decoration, lightness of dancing foot, delicacy of abhinaya (drama), lilting music and poetic charm. The Manipuri dance form is mostly ritualistic and draws heavily from the rich culture of the state of Manipur.
Mohiniattam
Mohiniattam is a classical dance form of Kerala. Mohiniattam is derived from the words "Mohini" (meaning beautiful women) and "attam"(meaning dance). Thus, Mohiniattam dance form is a beautiful feminine style with surging flow of body movements. Mohiniattam dance in Kerala developed in the tradition of Devadasi system, which later grew and developed a classical status.
Odissi
Odissi is one of the famous classical Indian dances from Orissa state. The history of Odissi dance is almost two thousand years old. Odissi is a highly inspired, passionate, ecstatic and sensuous form of dance. Like most of the South Indian classical dances of India Odissi too had its origin in the Devadasi tradition. The state of Orissa has a great cultural history.
With time, the classical dances evolved to include the expressions and themes from social life and experiences. Lord Shiva is said to be the 'Nataraja' meaning 'King of All Dances', who is said to perform the Cosmic Dance that delicately balances life and death and all that is happening in the Universe in harmonious cycles. Bharatnatyam, popular in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, is said to be revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata. Kathak is the art to tell a story and is a form of North Indian classical dance. Later, it became courtly entertainment.
Kathakali from Kerala makes use of colorful masks and costumes and belongs to Kerala. Kuchipudi is the dance drama of Andhra Pradesh that combines Natya, Nritta and Nritya. Manipuri, as the name suggests, is from Manipur, the Northeastern state of India, and is a combination of many dances prevalent in the region. Mohiniattam from Kerala is a solo female dance and is known for its rhythmic and unbroken flow of the body movements. Odissi from Orissa is a dance of love, joy and intense passion.
Bharatnatyam
Bharatnatyam is one of the most popular classical Indian dances. Bharatnatyam is more popular in South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Bharatnatyam dance is almost 2,000 years old. It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who then codified this sacred dance in a Sanskrit text called the Natya Shastra. The Natya Shastra is one of the fundamental treatises on Indian drama and aesthetics.
Kathak
Kathak is one of the most important classical dances of India. Kathak is said to be derived from the word katha, meaning "the art of storytelling." The Kathak dance form originated in north India and was very similar to the Bharatnatyam dance form. In ancient India, there were Kathakars or bards who used to recite religious and mythological tales to the accompaniment music, mime and dance.
Kathakali
Kathakali is the classical dance form of Kerala. The word Kathakali literally means "Story-Play". Kathakali is known for its heavy, elaborate makeup and costumes. In fact, the colorful and fascinating costumes of Kathakali have become the most recognized icon of Kerala. Kathakali is considered as one of the most magnificent theatres of imagination and creativity. Kathakali dance presents themes derived from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and other Hindu epics, mythologies and legends.
Kuchipudi
Kuchipudi is one of the classical dance forms of the South India. Kuchipudi derives its name from the Kuchipudi village of Andhra Pradesh. In the seventeenth century the Kuchipudi village was presented to the Brahmins, who were experts in staging dance and drama. Kuchipudi exhibits scenes from the Hindu Epics, legends and mythological tales through a combination of music, dance and acting. Like other classical dances, Kuchipudi also comprises pure dance, mime and histrionics but it is the use of speech that distinguishes Kuchipudi's presentation as dance drama.
Manipuri
Manipuri is one of the six major classical dances of India. Manipuri dance is indigenous to Manipur, the North eastern state of India. The Manipuri dance style is inextricably woven into the life pattern of Manipuri people. The most striking part of Manipur dance is its colorful decoration, lightness of dancing foot, delicacy of abhinaya (drama), lilting music and poetic charm. The Manipuri dance form is mostly ritualistic and draws heavily from the rich culture of the state of Manipur.
Mohiniattam
Mohiniattam is a classical dance form of Kerala. Mohiniattam is derived from the words "Mohini" (meaning beautiful women) and "attam"(meaning dance). Thus, Mohiniattam dance form is a beautiful feminine style with surging flow of body movements. Mohiniattam dance in Kerala developed in the tradition of Devadasi system, which later grew and developed a classical status.
Odissi
Odissi is one of the famous classical Indian dances from Orissa state. The history of Odissi dance is almost two thousand years old. Odissi is a highly inspired, passionate, ecstatic and sensuous form of dance. Like most of the South Indian classical dances of India Odissi too had its origin in the Devadasi tradition. The state of Orissa has a great cultural history.
Posted by
Rocky Raina
ICC Awards
ICC Awards:
2010
2011
- Player of the year: Jonathan Trott (ENG)
- Test of the year: Alastair Cook (ENG)
- ODI of the year: Kumar Sangakkara (SRI)
- Women cricketer of the year: Stafanie Taylor (WIS)
- Umpire: Aleem Dar (PAK)
- Best Twenty20 performance: Tim Southee (NZL) - for taking 5-18 v Pakistan
- Associate and Affiliate Player: Ryan ten Doeschate (NED)
- Spirit of Cricket: MS Dhoni (IND)
- Emerging player: Devendra Bishoo (WIS)
2010
- Cricketer of the Year: Sachin Tendulkar (IND)
- Test Player of the Year: Virender Sehwag (IND)
- Emerging Player Award: Steven Finn (ENG)
- T20 International Performance of the Year: Brendon McCullum (NZ)
- Captain of the ICC World Test Team of the Year: MS Dhoni (IND)
- Spirit of Cricket Award: New Zealand
- Women's Player of the Year: Shelley Nitschke (AUS)
- ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (SA)
- Associate ODI Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (NED)
- Captain of the ICC World ODI Team of the Year: Ricky Ponting (AUS)
- Umpire of the Year Award: Aleem Dar (PAK)
2009
- Cricketer of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (AUS)
- Test Player of the Year: Gautam Gambhir (IND)
- Captain of the ICC World Test Team of the Year: MS Dhoni (IND)
- Umpire of the Year Award: Aleem Dar (PAK)
- Associate ODI Player of the Year: William Porterfield (IRE)
- Emerging Player Award: Peter Siddle (AUS)
- Women's Player of the Year: Claire Taylor (ENG)
- ODI Player of the Year: MS Dhoni (IND)
- Captain of the ICC World ODI Team of the Year: MS Dhoni (IND)
- T20 International Performance of the Year: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL)
- Spirit of Cricket Award: New Zealand
2008
- Spirit of Cricket Award: Sri Lanka
- ODI Player of the Year: Mahendra Singh Dhoni (IND)
- T20 International Performance of the Year: Yuvraj Singh (IND)
- Umpire of the Year Award: Simon Taufel (AUS)
- Cricketer of the Year: Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI)
- Test Player of the Year: Dale Steyn (SA)
- Emerging Player Award: Ajantha Mendis (SL)
- Women's Player of the Year: Charlotte Edwards (ENG)
- Captain of the ICC World ODI Team of the Year: Ricky Ponting (AUS)
- Associate ODI Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Nth)
Posted by
Rocky Raina
<> LARGEST, HIGHEST, DEEPEST, SMALLEST
Rivers:
1. Nile (6630 Km) Africa 2. Amazon (6240 Km) South America
3. Mississippi-Missouri (60125 Km) North America 4. Irtysh (5120 Km) Europe
3. Mississippi-Missouri (60125 Km) North America 4. Irtysh (5120 Km) Europe
5. Yangtze (4960) Asia 6. Amur (4640 Km) Asia
7. Congo (4350 Km) Congo 8. Hwang Ho-Yellow (4320 Km) Asia
9. Volga (3665 Km) Europe 10. Indus (3170 Km) Asia.
Mountains:
- Everest (29028 ft.) Himalayan Range, Nepal-Tibet
- Godwin Austin –K2 (28288 ft.) Karakoram Range, POK.
- Kanchenjunga (28168 ft.) Himalayan Range, Nepal-Sikkim (India).
- Makala (27790 ft.) Himalayan Range, Tibet- Nepal.
- Dhaulagiri (26790 ft.) Himalayan Range, Nepal.
- Nangaparbat (26660 ft.) Himalayan Range, India.
- Nanda Devi (25645 ft.) Himalayan Range, India.
- Turich Mir (25236 ft.) Hindukush, Pakistan.
- Victory Peak (24406 ft.) Pamir Range, Russia.
- Muztagh-K5 (23891 ft.) Kunlun Range, China.
Airport:
Largest: King Abdul Aziz International Airport, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Highest: Lhasa Airport, Tibet.
Animals:
Tallest: Giraffe
Largest and Heaviest: Blur or Sulphur bottom Whale
Largest Land Animal: African Bush Elephant
Fastest Land Animal: Cheetah
Building:
Tallest Office Building: Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center), Taiwan.
Countries:
Largest in Area: Russia
Smallest in Area: Vatican City
Dams:
Largest: Grand Coulee Dam, USA.
Highest: Rogunsky, Russia.
Largest Delta: Sunderbans (Created by Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal)
Largest Desert: Sahara (North Africa)
Largest Gulf: Gulf of Mexico
Largest Island: Greenland
Lake:
Largest: Caspian Sea
Deepest: Baikal, Central Siberia, Russia.
Largest Fresh Water Lake: Lake Superior.
Largest Library: United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA.
Minaret:
Tallest: Sultan Hassan Mosque, Cairo (Egypt).
Tallest-Free Standing: Qutab Minar, New Delhi (India)
Museums:
Oldest: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Largest: American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Largest Palace: Imperial Palace, Beijing, China.
Oceans:
Largest: Pacific Ocean.
Deepest: Pacific Ocean.
Largest Peninsula: Arabia.
Planets:
Largest: Jupiter
Smallest: Mercury
Nearest To Sun: Mercury
Nearest To Earth: Venus
Farthest From Sun: Pluto
Brightest: Venus
Population:
Largest: China
Least: Vatican City
Most Populous City: Tokyo, Japan
Most Densely Populated Territory: Portuguese province of Macau
Most Sparsely Populated Territory: Antarctica.
Railway:
Largest Railway Station: Grand Central Terminal, New York City, USA.
Largest Railway Platform: Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
Religion:
Oldest: Hinduism
Largest: Christianity
Largest Sea: South China Sea
Brightest Star: Sirius A (Dog Star)
Tallest Statue: “Motherland” Volgagarad, Russia.
Straits:
Largest: Tartar Straits (Between Sakhalin Island and the Russia).
Broadest: Davis Straits (Between Greenland and Baffin Island).
Largest Temple: Angkor Vat in Kampuchea.
Tunnel:
Largest (Railway): Oshimizu Tunnel, On the Tolyo-Nilleate Joetsu line in Central Honshu under Tanigawa Mountain (22.2 km).
Longest: Tunnel under the Gotthard mountain range in Switzerland (16.32km).
Posted by
Rocky Raina
<>INTERNATIONAL AWARDS
Nobel Prizes: Nobel Prizes are awarded each year under the will of Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Swedish Chemist, engineer and inventor of dynamite, who died in 1896. The Prizes are given to the persons who have made the most outstanding contribution in the fields of physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine, who have produced the most distinguished literary work of an idealist tendency and who have contributed most towards world peace. The Nobel Prize for Economic Science was established in 1967by Riksband, the Central Bank of Sweden, in celebration of its 300th anniversary and was awarded for the first time in 1969. Other awards started in 1901.
2010
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
Robert G. Edwards
Robert G. Edwards
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Liu Xiaobo
Liu Xiaobo
THE PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides
2009
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
Herta Müller
Herta Müller
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Barack H. Obama
Barack H. Obama
THE PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson
Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson
2008
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Martti Ahtisaari
Martti Ahtisaari
THE PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Paul Krugman
Paul Krugman
Ramon Magsaysay Awards: Instituted in memory of the Philippines President Ramon Magsaysay who died in an air crash in 1957, the awards are given every year on August 31, the birth anniversary of Magsaysay. The awards are given for service in five fields: (1) Government Service (2) Public Service (3) Community Leadership (4) Journalism, Literature and Communicative Arts (5) International Understanding.
2008
- Mandakini Amte ( Indian ) Community Leadership
- Prakash Amte (Indian) Community Leadership
- Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (Philippines) Public Service
- Ananda Galappatti (Sri Lankan) Emergent Leadership
- Akio Ishii (Japanese) Journalism, Literature and Communicative Arts
- Therdchai Jivacate (Thai) Public Service
- Ahmad Maarif (Indonesian) Peace and International Understanding
- Grace Padaca (Filipino) Government Service
2009
- Deep Joshi (Indian)
- Ma Jun (Chinese)
- Hsaw Wa Ka (Burmese)
- Krisana Kraisintu (Thai)
- Antonio Oposa Jr. (Philipino)
- Yu Xiaogang (Chinese)
2010
- Tadatoshi Akiba (Japanese)
- Christopher Bernido (Filipino)
- Ma. Victoria Bernido (Filipino)
- Qiping Fu (Chinese)
- Daishan Huo (Chinese)
- A.H.M.Noman Khan (Bangladeshi)
- Yue Pan (Chinese)
Pulitzer Prizes: Established by an American publisher, Joseph Pulitzer, in 1917 to encourage literature and journalism in USA, the awards are given in the fields of General Reporting National Reporting, Feature Writing, Poetry, Biography, Fiction, Drams, History, Special Local Reporting, International Reporting and for Public Service.
2008
Journalism
The Washington Post
Staff of The Washington Post
Walt Bogdanich and Jake Hooker of The New York Times
Staff of Chicago Tribune
Amy Harmon of The New York Times
David Umhoefer of Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Jo Becker and Barton Gellman of The Washington Post
Steve Fainaru of The Washington Post
Gene Weingarten of The Washington Post
Steven Pearlstein of The Washington Post
Mark Feeney of The Boston Globe
No award
Michael Ramirez of Investor's Business Daily
Adrees Latif of Reuters
Preston Gannaway of Concord (NH) Monitor
Letters, Drama, and Music
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Waoby Junot Diaz (Riverhead Books)
"August: Osage County" by Tracy Letts
"What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848"by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press)
"Eden's Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father" by John Matteson (W.W. Norton)
Time and Materials by Robert Hass (Ecco/HarperCollins)
Failure by Philip Schultz (Harcourt)
The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 by Saul Friedländer (HarperCollins)
"The Little Match Girl Passion" by David Lang
Special Citations
2009
Journalism
Public Service
Las Vegas Sun, and notably the courageous reporting by Alexandra Berzon
Breaking News Reporting
Staff of The New York Times
Investigative Reporting
David Barstow of The New York Times
Explanatory Reporting
Bettina Boxall and Julie Cart of Los Angeles Times
Local Reporting
Detroit Free Press Staff, and notablyJim Schaefer and M.L. Elrick
Ryan Gabrielson and Paul Giblin of East Valley Tribune, Mesa, AZ
National Reporting
Staff of St. Petersburg Times
International Reporting
Staff of The New York Times
Feature Writing
Lane DeGregory of St. Petersburg Times
Commentary
Eugene Robinson of The Washington Post
Criticism
Holland Cotter of The New York Times
Editorial Writing
Mark Mahoney of The Post-Star, Glens Falls, NY
Editorial Cartooning
Steve Breen of The San Diego Union-Tribune
Breaking News Photography
Patrick Farrell of The Miami Herald
Feature Photography
Damon Winter of The New York Times
Letters, Drama, and Music
Fiction
Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (Random House)
Drama
Ruined by Lynn Nottage
History
The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family by Annette Gordon-Reed (W.W. Norton & Company)
Biography or Autobiography
American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by Jon Meacham (Random House)
Poetry
The Shadow of Sirius by W.S. Merwin (Copper Canyon Press)
General Nonfiction
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II by Douglas A. Blackmon (Doubleday)
Music
Double Sextet by Steve Reich (Boosey & Hawkes)
2010
Journalism
Public Service
Bristol (VA) Herald Courier
Breaking News Reporting
Staff of The Seattle Times
Investigative Reporting
Barbara Laker and Wendy Ruderman ofPhiladelphia Daily News
Sheri Fink of ProPublica, in collaboration with The New York Times Magazine
Explanatory Reporting
Michael Moss and members of The New York Times Staff
Local Reporting
Raquel Rutledge of Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
National Reporting
Matt Richtel and members of The New York Times Staff
International Reporting
Anthony Shadid of The Washington Post
Feature Writing
Gene Weingarten of The Washington Post
Commentary
Kathleen Parker of The Washington Post
Criticism
Sarah Kaufman of The Washington Post
Editorial Writing
Tod Robberson, Colleen McCain Nelson and William McKenzie of The Dallas Morning News
Editorial Cartooning
Mark Fiore, self syndicated, appearing on SFGate.com
Breaking News Photography
Mary Chind of The Des Moines Register
Feature Photography
Craig F. Walker of The Denver Post
Letters, Drama, and Music
Fiction
Tinkers by Paul Harding (Bellevue Literary Press)
Drama
Next to Normal, music by Tom Kitt, book and lyrics by Brian Yorkey
History
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World by Liaquat Ahamed (The Penguin Press)
Biography or Autobiography
The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt by T.J. Stiles (Alfred A. Knopf)
Poetry
Versed by Rae Armantrout (Wesleyan University Press)
General Nonfiction
The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy by David E. Hoffman (Doubleday)
Music
Violin Concerto by Jennifer Higdon (Lawdon Press)
Special Citations
Hank Williams
Booker Prize: Instituted in 1968, it is the highest literary award set up by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the line of the Pulitzer Prize USA. Since 2002, it has been known as the “Man Booker Prize” reflecting the sponsorship by an investment company, the M Group plc.
- 2006 Kiran Desai (The Inheritance of Loss) Novel, India
- 2007 Anne Enright (The Gathering) Novel, Ireland
- 2008 Aravind Adiga (The White Tiger) Novel, India
- 2009 Hilary Mantel (Wolf Hall) Historical novel, United Kingdom
- 2010 Howard Jacobson (The Finkler Question) Comic novel, United Kingdom.
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Rocky Raina
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